F1-管理學(xué)術(shù)語英漢對照解釋（4）

Managing in a global Environment

1、Parochialism : 狹隘主義

A narrow view of the world; an inability to recognize difference between people.

用狹隘的觀點(diǎn)和視覺看世界，認(rèn)識不到人們有著不同的生活和工作方式。

2、Ethnocentric attitude: 多國中心論

The parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country.

認(rèn)為東道主的管理人員知道經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)的至佳工作方式和慣例。

3、Polycentric attitude : 民族中心論

The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business.

認(rèn)為母國的工作方式和慣例是至好的。

4、Geocentric attitude : 全球中心論

A world- oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.

一種全球取向觀點(diǎn)即在世界范圍內(nèi)選用至佳方式和至優(yōu)秀的人才。

5、European Union (EU) : 歐盟

A union of European nations created as a unified economic and trade entity.

由15個(gè)歐洲國家組成的一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易實(shí)體。

6、North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) : 北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定

An agreement among the Mexican, Canadian, and US. governments in which barriers to free trade have been eliminated.

由墨西哥，加拿大和美國政府就消除自由貿(mào)易壁壘所達(dá)成的協(xié)定。

7、Association of southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) : 東南亞國家聯(lián)盟

A trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations.

東南亞10國的貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟。

8、Multinational corporation (MNC) : 多國公司

A company that maintains significant operations in multiple countries but manages them from a base in the home country.

在多個(gè)國家擁有重要的運(yùn)營單位，但以母國為基地進(jìn)行管理的組織。

9、Transnational corporation (TNC) : 跨國公司

A company that maintains significant operations in more than one country but decentralizes management to the local country.

在多個(gè)國家擁有重要的運(yùn)營單位，并在從事經(jīng)營的所在國分散管理的公司。

10、Borderless organization : 無國界組織

A global type of organization in which artificial geographical barriers are eliminated.

消除人為地理界限的一種全球性組織。

11、Exporting : 出口

An approach to going global that involves making products at home and selling them overseas.

在國內(nèi)制造產(chǎn)品，并將產(chǎn)品銷往國外。

12、Importing : 進(jìn)口

An approach to going global by manufacturing organizations that involves giving other organizations the right to use your brand name, technology, or product specifications.

把海外制造的產(chǎn)品銷往國外。

13、Licensing : 許可證貿(mào)易

An approach to going global by manufacturing organizations that involves giving other organizations the right to use your brand name, technology, or product specifications.

通過一次性支付或按銷售提取一定費(fèi)用，從而給予其他組織商標(biāo)，技術(shù)或產(chǎn)品規(guī)范的制造業(yè)組織的使用權(quán)。

14、Franchising : 特許證貿(mào)易

An approach to going global by service organizations that involves giving other organizations the right to use your brand name ,technology ,or product specifications.

通過一次性支付或按銷售提取一定費(fèi)用，從而給予其他組織商標(biāo)，技術(shù)或產(chǎn)品規(guī)范的服務(wù)業(yè)組織的使用權(quán)。

15、Strategic alliances : 戰(zhàn)略同盟

An approach to going global that involves partnerships between an organization and a foreign company which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products or building production facilities.

是指一個(gè)組織與外國公司建立的伙伴關(guān)系，雙方在開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品或組建生產(chǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)共享資源和知識。

16、Joint venture : 合資企業(yè)

An approach to going global that is a specific type of strategic alliance in which the partners agree to form a separate ,independent organization for some business purpose.

是一種特殊的戰(zhàn)略同盟，即雙方為了某個(gè)企業(yè)目標(biāo)，一致同意成立一個(gè)自主經(jīng)營，獨(dú)立的組織。

17、Foreign subsidiary : 外國子公司

An approach to going global that involves a direct investment in a foreign country by setting up a separate and independent production facility or office.

在國外直接投資的一種自主經(jīng)營而又獨(dú)立的生產(chǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)或辦事處。

18、National culture : 民族文化

The values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and beliefs about what is important.

是指一個(gè)國家的居民共有的價(jià)值觀，這些價(jià)值觀塑造了他們的行為以及他們看待世界的方式。

19、Individualism : 個(gè)人主義

A cultural dimension that describes when people are supposed to look after their own interests and those of their immediate family.

人們只關(guān)心自己的和直系親屬的利益的一種文化維度。

20、Collectivism : 集體主義

A cultural dimension that describes when people expert others in their group to look after them and to protect them when they are in trouble .

人們希望群體中的其他人再他們有困難時(shí)幫助并保護(hù)他們的一種文化維度。

21、Power distance : 權(quán)利差距

A cultural measure of the extent to which a society accepts the unequal distribution of power in institutions and organizations.

衡量社會接受機(jī)構(gòu)和組織內(nèi)權(quán)利分配不平等的程度的尺度。

22、Uncertainty avoidance : 不確定性規(guī)避

A cultural measure of the degree to which people tolerate risk and unconventional behavior.

衡量人們承受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和非傳統(tǒng)行為的程度的文化尺度。

23、Quantity of life : 生活的數(shù)量

A national culture attribute describing the extent to which societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.

一種表現(xiàn)為過分自信以及追求金錢和物質(zhì)財(cái)富的民族文化。

24、Quality of life : 生活的質(zhì)量

A national culture attribute that reflects the emphasis and concern for others.

一種重視人與人之間的關(guān)系，并表現(xiàn)出對他人幸福的敏感和關(guān)心的民族文化。

25、Culture shock : 文化沖擊

The feelings of confusion, disorientation ,and emotional upheaval caused by being immersed in a new culture.

處于一個(gè)新的文化時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的困惑，迷惘以及鋸烈的情感波動的感覺。

26、Organizational socialization: 組織社會化

The process that employees go through to adapt to an organization′s culture.

是指雇員適應(yīng)組織文化所經(jīng)歷的過程。

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