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基本風(fēng)險和特定風(fēng)險
Fundamental and particular risks
Fundamental risks are those which arise from causes outside tile control of any one individual or even a group of individuals. In addition， the effect of fundamental risks is felt by large numbers of people. This classification would include earthquakes， floods， famine， volcanoes and other natural “disasters”。 However it would not be accurate to limit fundamental risk to naturally occurring perils. Social change， political intervention and war are all capable of being interpreted as fundamental risks.
In contrast to this form of risk， which is impersonal in origin and widespread in effect， we have particular risks. Particular risks are much more personal both in their cause and effect. This would include many of the risks we have already mentioned such as fire， theft， work related injury and motor accidents. All of these risks arise from individual causes and affect individuals in their consequences.
基本風(fēng)險和特定風(fēng)險
基本風(fēng)險是指那些由超出個人甚至是群體的原因引起的風(fēng)險。而且很多人都能感受到基本風(fēng)險的影響。這類風(fēng)險包括地震、水災(zāi)、饑荒、火山及其他自然災(zāi)難。然而，把基本風(fēng)險局限于自然危險是不準確的。社會變革，政治干涉和戰(zhàn)爭都可以被認為是基本風(fēng)險。
與這種非人為而有廣泛影響的風(fēng)險相對的，我們說是特定風(fēng)險。特定風(fēng)險在起因和影響兩方面都更加與人相關(guān)。它包括我們已經(jīng)提到過的很多風(fēng)險，例如火災(zāi)、偷竊、工傷以及車禍。所以這些風(fēng)險由個人引起并且最終影響到個人。
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