Demand for copper is surging in China. How that fact might affect prices of the metal is another story.

　　中國對銅的需求大量增加，但這一事實可能會如何影響銅價就是另外一回事了。

　　The metal, dubbed “Dr. Copper” for the apparent ability of its price to forecast global industrial activity, has gone on a volatile ride over the past year -- not surprising amid will-they-won't-they budgeting in Washington, default fears in Europe and Middle Eastern turmoil.

　　Bloomberg News過去一年，銅價大幅波動。由于美國政府是否會提高預算上限還是未知數(shù)，加之歐洲債務違約的擔憂和中東地區(qū)的動蕩，銅價大幅波動不足為奇。銅常被稱作“銅博士”，因為銅價明顯具有預測全球工業(yè)生產活動的能力。

　　China is the biggest buyer of copper, but looking at the country's sustained high level of economic growth isn't making it any easier to predict what will happen with the metal.

　　中國是銅的最大買家，但觀察中國持續(xù)高速增長的經(jīng)濟并不會令預測銅價的走勢變得更加容易。

　　What's next was the big question last week in Shanghai, where the specialist publisher Metal Bulletin gathered delegates to ponder, not whether China matters, but how.

　　上周在上海，大家關注的焦點是銅價的下一步走勢。專業(yè)出版商英國《金屬導報》（Metal Bulletin）在上海召集與會代表，探討中國對銅的需求將如何影響銅價的下一步走勢，而非中國需求是否會影響銅價。

　　Copper is hovering just above $8,700 per metric ton on the London Metal Exchange, and China will have a lot to do with whether it surges another 15% toward $10,000 as some producers hope, or plunges by $6,000-plus as one provocateur told the assembly.

　　倫敦金屬交易所（London Metal Exchange）的銅價在每噸8,700美元上方徘徊，而銅價能否再漲15%朝每噸1萬美元的價格進發(fā)（這正是一些生產商所希望的），還是會跌去6,000多美元（這是一位聳人聽聞者在大會上說的），則和中國有很大關系。

　　'Global demand is strong and it will be driven by Asia, notably China,' declared Kim Priestly, the Utah-based chief financial officer of copper for giant miner Rio Tinto Plc.

　　礦業(yè)巨頭力拓股份有限公司（Rio Tinto Plc）駐美國猶他州負責銅業(yè)務的首席財務長普里斯特利（Kim Priestly）說，全球對銅的需求強勁，這一需求將受亞洲的推動，其中最主要的就是中國。

　　Ms. Priestly told attendees at the conference that China can satisfy only 40% of copper needed to power its smelters today and that Rio Tinto sees that figure sliding toward 30% in coming years. A 2.5 million metric ton shortfall annually around 2020 will require even more imports, she said.

　　普里斯特利在本次大會上告訴與會者，目前中國冶金用銅的自給度只有40%，力拓預計未來幾年這一數(shù)字會下滑到30%。普里斯特利說，大約到2020年中國每年的銅需求缺口可達250萬噸，中國因此需要進口更多的銅。

　　Perhaps predictably, Rio Tinto has China's answer: 80 kilometers across the border in Mongolia, a massive project called Oyu Tolgoi that is forecast to begin commercial production in the first half of 2013. Lest analysts take away a view from Ms. Priestly that the mine, owned by Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. and operated by Rio Tinto, will collapse prices two-years' hence, she cautioned production will ramp up only over time. She also acknowledged so far there are no firm plans as to where the Gobi Desert mine itself will get electricity or how the copper might be transported out. She said Rio Tinto is “very bullish” on copper.

　　或許可以預見的是，中國該從哪里進口銅，力拓已經(jīng)有了答案：距中蒙邊境80公里有一個名叫奧尤陶勒蓋（Oyu Tolgoi）的銅金礦大型項目，該項目預計能在2013年上半年開始商業(yè)生產。奧尤陶勒蓋銅金礦由加拿大艾芬豪礦業(yè)有限公司（Ivanhoe Mines Ltd.）所有，力拓負責運營。由于擔心分析師從自己的講話中得出該銅金礦的開發(fā)在未來兩年會拉低銅價的結論，普里斯特利告誡說這個銅金礦的產出只會逐漸增加。她同時承認，到目前為止關于奧尤陶勒蓋項目將從何處獲得電力供應，以及產出的銅將如何運出都還沒有具體的計劃。不過她說力拓非?？春勉~的前景。

　　Other miners are keen to supply China too, including Beijing-based China Minmetals Non-Ferrous Metals Co., which fancies itself the Chinese Rio Tinto. But don't expect Minmetals to make aggressive investments in the world's copper mines.

　　其它礦業(yè)企業(yè)也都渴望滿足中國的需求，其中包括位于北京的中國五礦有色金屬股份有限公司（China Minmetals Non-Ferrous Metals Co.，簡稱：五礦有色）。五礦有色將自己比作中國的力拓。但不要指望五礦有色會大舉投資全球銅礦。

　　“We don't consider ourselves an experienced company in overseas investment,” said Jin Xiaoguang, the company's deputy general manager. He spent much of a presentation discussing the “surprises” the company has faced pursuing projects outside China, such as land purchase challenges in Africa and knotty water rights in South America.

　　五礦有色副總經(jīng)理金霄光說，我不認為我們公司在海外投資上很有經(jīng)驗。金霄光的發(fā)言大部分在談五礦有色在國外收購項目時碰到的各種“意外”，比如在非洲買地遇到的挑戰(zhàn)，以及在南美洲碰上的棘手的水權問題。

　　“China is short of copper,” said Yang Yinghuai, general manager of metals at Cofco Futures Ltd., one of China's top trading houses. “In the next three to five years this situation cannot be changed.”

　　中糧期貨經(jīng)紀有限公司（Cofco Futures Ltd.）金屬交易負責人楊應淮（音）說，中國缺銅，未來三到五年這一狀況不會改變。

　　Cofco's view, she said, is copper could soon hit $8,800 per metric ton on the London Metal Exchange, but then slip toward $6,500 perton toward the end of this year, where Chinese buyers will be waiting to bid it higher.

　　楊應淮說，中糧期貨的觀點是，倫敦金屬交易所的銅價可能很快會沖擊每噸8,800美元的價位。但此后隨著年底的臨近，價格會逐步下滑到每噸6,500美元。中國買家將守候在這一價位買入，然后價格會再次逐步上漲。

　　But actually how much demand does China have?

　　但實際上中國到底有多少需求呢？

　　Bo Zhao, deputy director for copper at China Non-ferrous Metals Industry Association, said that according to official numbers China's consumption of copper edged up to 7.513 million metric tons in 2010, a rise of 4.1% from the previous year and 3.8-times the tonnage of 2000.

　　中國有色金屬工業(yè)協(xié)會銅部副主任趙波說，根據(jù)官方數(shù)據(jù)，中國2010年銅的消耗量高達751.3萬噸，較上年增長4.1%，是2000年的3.8倍。

　　Yet, he cautioned that actual Chinese demand in 2010 was only 6.3 million tons. Much of the rest, he said, went into building up inventories.

　　不過他提醒說中國2010年實際的銅需求量只有630萬噸。他說其他大部分都用在了增加庫存上。

　　There are multiple ways of gauging Chinese demand. “A large part of the apparent consumption was for export,” said Chen Hongzhou, director of Chinalco Luoyang Copper Co.

　　衡量中國的需求有多種方法。中鋁洛陽銅業(yè)有限公司董事陳宏州（音）說，表面上的消耗量大部分都用在了出口上。

　　China will make 150 million air conditioners this year, Mr. Chen said, predicting quite a few of the machines will be exported. With global economic headwinds bearing down, Mr. Chen wondered how long some of China's factory owners can stay in business, describing many companies as cash-strapped from price wars and uncollectable debts, often with high production but truly earning “zero dollars.”

　　陳宏州說，中國今年將生產1.5億臺空調，他預計其中相當一部分會用于出口。在全球經(jīng)濟逆風逼近的情況下，陳宏州懷疑中國有些廠家還能維持多久，他說許多公司由于價格戰(zhàn)和壞賬陷入資金短缺，產量往往很高但實際卻一分都賺不到。

　　Speaking on the sidelines, one conference attendee, representing a Ningbo-based trading firm, said she will import as much copper as she can get.

　　寧波一家交易公司的與會代表在會議間隙說，她會進口盡量多的銅。

　　As others at the conference wrung their hands over what predictions of copper-free refrigerators and electrical line might mean for copper prices, the young woman said she focuses on banks, not factories. Her concern is how much longer she will be able to borrow U.S. dollars in Hong Kong at the rock bottom annual interest rate of 0.2% and how quickly the Chinese yuan will gain against the American currency. That's because her trade is to borrow dollars in Hong Kong, buy copper on international markets, ship it to bonded warehouses in Shanghai and then sell it as far in the future as possible to buyers in China who pay in yuan. Sometimes she uses the same loan to make the play three times.

　　當無銅冰箱和電線的預測可能對銅價帶來的影響讓其他與會者憂心忡忡時，這位年輕的代表說她關注的是銀行而不是工廠。她擔心的問題是，以0.2%的最低年利率在香港貸款美元還能持續(xù)多久，以及人民幣對美元升值的速度會有多快。這是因為她的交易流程是，在香港貸款美元，在國際市場上買銅，將銅運往上海的保稅倉庫，然后將其以盡可能長的期貨合約期限賣給支付人民幣的中國買家。有時她會用同一筆貸款以這種形式操作三次。

　　One of the event's featured speakers, Simon Hunt, detonated the copper conference equivalent of a stink bomb with a prediction the metal is headed toward $2,000 per ton, about a fifth where it is priced today. Speaking quickly in a powerful voice, the principal of Simon Hunt Strategic Services, weaved a story of woeful global economic decline, 'funny money' from the U.S. Federal Reserve in the form of easy credit, likely recession in Germany and soaring use of recycled copper.

　　活動特約演講人之一、銅業(yè)咨詢公司Simon Hunt Strategic Services負責人亨特（Simon Hunt）在這次會議上引爆了一顆“臭炸彈”，他預測銅價走勢是滑向每噸2,000美元，約為目前價格的五分之一。他以較快的語速和有力的聲音敘述了目前的形勢：形勢不佳的全球經(jīng)濟下滑、美聯(lián)儲（U.S. Federal Reserve）以寬松信貸形式濫發(fā)的貨幣、德國可能會發(fā)生衰退以及回收銅的使用會激增。

　　But his bedrock -- counterintuitive -- reason copper is overvalued: China's blistering demand.

　　但他認為銅被高估的基本原因是：中國需求的增長。這未免有悖于直覺。

　　Mr. Hunt estimates that investors have squirreled away a whopping 4 million tons of copper, a figure that compares with around 18 million tons of annual global consumption. He said 2.5 million tons of that is in Chinese warehouses off the industry radar, and he figures 65% of the country's copper imports related to financial plays, not end-user demand. The risk is massive copper selling, which he predicts will take place when U.S. interest rates head higher.

　　亨特估計投資者囤積了多達400萬噸的銅，而全球年消耗量約為1,800萬噸。他說，其中250萬噸的銅都在中國倉庫里未被納入行業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，他認為中國65%的銅進口都與金融操作有關。風險在于大規(guī)模拋售銅，他預測當美國利率升高時就會出現(xiàn)這種情況。

　　His detractors grumbled that Mr. Hunt is a perennial bear, purposely vague about his data sources and keen to stir up business on his own after sale of the respected firm that carries his name, Brook Hunt. But he was the most talked-about feature of the conference.

　　亨特的批評者抱怨說他是個頑固的做空者，他故意對自己的數(shù)據(jù)來源含糊其辭，急于在帶有自己名字的知名金屬咨詢公司Brook Hunt出售后為自己招攬業(yè)務。但他是這次大會最受熱議的嘉賓。

　　Speaking to The Wall Street Journal, Mr. Hunt explained how he can know how much copper sits in warehouses no one is counting: trade in the metal compared with smelter consumption of copper. “I'm confident about my numbers of what copper went into furnaces,” he said.

　　在接受《華爾街日報》采訪時，亨特解釋了在沒有人統(tǒng)計的情況下自己是如何知道銅的倉儲量的：將銅的交易量與冶煉量作對比。他說，對于有多少銅進了熔爐，我很有把握。

　　“The copper market is not being driven by the copper industry but the behavior of financial market players,” Mr. Hunt said.

　　亨特說，銅市場并不是受銅行業(yè)的驅動，而是受金融市場操作行為的驅動。